Table 2 Measurement variables according to the environmental factors of big data

Variable	Operational definition	Related literature
Environment outside industry	The degree of influence that leaders and IT environment outside industry have on big data adoption	Iacovou et al.(1995) Mansfield(1997) Zhu & Kraemer(2005) Zhu et al.(2004, 2006) Umanath & Cambell(1994) Sharma et al.(2007) Dasgupta et al.(1999)
Environment inside industry	The degree of influence that competitors and IT environment inside industry have on big data adoption
Public environment	The degree of influence that related laws, regulations and institutions have on big data adoption