Table 4 Detailed measurement items of independent variables

Variable Measurement item Previous researcher
Competitiveness of products and services(B) Can provide customized and intelligent products and services. B1 Steve et al.(2011) Chau & Xu(2011) McAfee &Brynjofsson(2012) Chen et al.(2011) McKinsey(2011) Gartner(2011) SERI(2012)
Helps improve the process for providing a company’s products and services. B2
Improves ability to cope with and support customers’ requirements for products and services in real time. B3
Improves ability to cope with product or service risk factors in real time. B4
Capturing of opportunities(C) Improves ability to capture opportunities for improvement in business process. C1 McAfee &Brynjofsson(2012) Chen et al.(2011) McKinsey(2011) Gartner(2011) SERI(2012)
Improves ability to capture opportunities for the improvement of products and services. C2
Improves ability to capture opportunities for the development of a new product and service. C3
Improves ability to capture opportunities for business convergence and a new business. C4
Shortening of business hours(D) Can shorten the time of product and service production/distribution. D1 Elizabeth &Michael(2004) McKinsey(2011) Gartner(2011) Steve et al.(2011) OECD(2011) Kim & Ka(2012) Kim Y. M.(2013)
Can shorten the time to cope with a customer’s claim & requirement. D2
Can shorten the time to analyze and predict changes in corporate internal (products/services, production and distribution) and external (customer, competitor, market) environment. D3
Can shorten the time of executive’s and manager’s decision-making. D4
Can shorten the period of new product and service development. D5
Can shorten the period of new business model development and convergence with other area. D6
Improvement in profitability(E) Can increase sales. E1 Elizabeth &Michael(2004) McKinsey(2011) Gartner(2011) Steve et al.(2011) OECD(2011) Kim & Ka(2012) Kim Y. M.(2013)
Can increase market share. E2
Can improve customer satisfaction. E3
Can improve ROI (return on investment). E4
Improvement in process(F) Can improve the process for product production (distribution) and service providing. F1
Can improve the process for analyzing and forecasting the status inside and outside company. F2
Can improve the process for executive’s and manager’s decision-making. F3
Can improve the process for the development of new product and service. F4
Can improve the process for the development of new project and business. F5
Decision support(G) Can effectively support decision-making for coping with issues and risks. G1 Quinn & Baily(1994) McKinsey(2011) Gartner(2011) Steve et al.(2011) Kim & Ka(2012)
Can provide diverse information for decision-making, based on social phenomena and actual data. G2
Capable of diverse analyses (social analysis, credit analysis, reputation analysis) and prediction for decision-making G3
Outside industry(H) Degree of coping with changes in IT trends and IT environment H1 Iacovou et al.(1995) Mansfield(1997) Zhu & Kraemer(2005) Zhu et al.(2004, 2006) Umanath & Cambell(1994) Sharma et al.(2007) Dasgupta et al.(1999)
Degree of coping with changes in IT environment in other industries H2
Degree of big data adoption in companies of other areas H3
Inside industry(I) Degree of coping with changes in IT trends and IT environment within industry I1
Degree of big data adoption in major competitors I2
Degree of core business partner’s request and recommendation I3
Public environ-ment(K) Degree of changes in government and public agencies’ policies K1
Degree of changes in relevant laws & regulations and institutions K2
Degree of the increase in big data adoption in the public sector K3